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Pinion Shaft Lock
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Anyone that's driven their 4WD over uneven terrain has likely experienced "wheel slip" -- a loss of traction caused when one front and one rear tire loses contact with the ground. The result was an immobile vehicle with its ungrounded tires spinning twice as fast as they normally do while the grounded tires remained firmly in place doing nothing. The reason for this is because of the axle's differential which, under normal driving conditions, transmits equal torque to both wheels on the axle yet allows them to rotate at different speeds (such as when turning a corner). This is accomplished with an internal unit of gearing referred to side gears or spider gears. The remedy for this traction loss is to "lock up" these gears thus forcing both tires to rotate in unison. This is accomplished with a limited slip differential (LSD) commonly referred to as a locker or locking differential. There are many types of LSDs available. This article will explain their differences.

Spools

A spool is not technically a locker, but its ultimate purpose is to function as one. A spool is a unit that replaces the differential's side and spider gears essentially creating a solid axle. This forces both tires to always spin at the same rate. The advantage of this is guaranteed traction, but it comes at the expense of premature tire wear if the vehicle spends most of its time on pavement because one tire will always "skid" when turning sharp corners. It's also important to make sure each tire has equal air pressure or they will wear down unevenly and cause a loss in fuel economy. A spool is not typically recommended unless the vehicle will spend the majority of its life driving off-road where traction is essential (especially for rock crawling, mud, and steep hills). A spool is the least expensive way to professionally lock the axle.

Trac Locs and Limited Slips

These are units that utilize a series of clutches that engage against the side gears. When one tire loses traction and begins to spin faster than the other, the clutches engage on the non-moving axle shaft and equalize the torque applied to both shafts therefore restoring traction. These types of LSDs work great on the street or for getting out of mud. Their downfall is that they need to spin very fast for the clutches to engage. This will eventually cause the clutch plates to wear out and require replacing. In addition, they typically require a special lubricant for the clutches. Popular products in this line are the Detroit Tru Trac, Eaton Posi, and Auburn Limited Slip.

Light-duty and Heavy-duty Lockers

These are often the preferred choice over clutch-type LSDs. Just like the above mentions units, these also replace the side and spider gears, however they're replaced with ratcheting-style teeth. This allows the vehicle to be street driveable, yet offers superb off-road performance. This provides a tolerable medium for drivers that want a locking differential, but still do the majority of their driving on streets. These types of lockers offer great performance for their price, and are likely the most popular type of locker in off-road use today for that reason. Popular products in this line are the Detroit Locker and E-Z Locker by Tractech, Lock-Rite by Powertrax, and the Quick Lok by Genuine Gear.

Air Lockers, Electric Lockers, and Manual Lockers

These are the most advanced types of LSDs because offer both the comfort of an open differential with the ability to fully lock at the driver's control. Air lockers utilize compressed air to lock the gears, electric lockers use an electric solenoid, and a third kind uses a cable for engagement. These types of LSDs are the most expensive, however consumers should be advised that they get what they pay for. They offer superb performance in any situation whether on-road or off. Popular products in this line are the ARB Air Locker, Eaton E-Locker, Auburn ECTED, and OX Locker.

MY4BY.com has a full line of differential lockers and ring and pinion sets for AMC, Chrysler, Dana, Ford, GM Corporate, Nissan, Suzuki, and Toyota axles.

Best Plunge Routers for Your Budget

For many of us, purchasing a plunge router is a more than sizable investment eating up a substantial chunk of our woodworking budgets, fortunately, however, for craftsmen on a tight financial leash or for those who simply appreciate a great price on high-performance power tools, there are a few plunge routers that are built to deliver both superior performance and a reasonable price-tag.

Bosch's 1613AEVS electronic plunge router is a phenomenal tool equip with all the perks and power to entice even the most seasoned woodworkers. With Bosch's exclusive after-lock microfine bit depth adjustment system the router offers the finest adjustments at any plunge position, and because of its depth rod and turret systems, plunge routing applications are easily repeated for the most optimized work. The router touts variable speeds ranging from 11,000 - 22,000 RPM granting craftsmen the power to match speeds to each material or task - this means that your projects are always completed with just the right amount gusto. The tool maintains speed under load for max power and durability while also flaunting a precision center design that consistently keeps your bits on their intended cut-lines. Also, because the router has large base and subbase openings, the router accepts most larger bits and has a long bit shank capacity for a number of routing applications. The 1613AEVS also offers an uncommonly smooth plunge action to render this tool one seriously fancy router with a a price-tag that will drop your jaw. Ranging in price from around $190 - $200, the 1613AEVS is superior tool that gives a whole lot more than it takes. Bosch's 1617EVSPK is another plunge (combination) router that produces an exceptional performance with power, precision, and longevity for only around $205 - $215.

On another hand, Dewalt's DW621 plunge router is a truly ideal tool for craft and hobby workers providing craftsmen a powerful 10 amp motor and surprising controllability. The tool's full wave electronic variable speeds range from 8,000 - 24,000 RPM with constant speed under load to provide the most professional, reliable finishes to every material. With an integrated and highly efficient dust collection system (that vents out the top of the tool) your worksite is consistently clean and your cut lines are always clear. The router is built with a one piece motor shaft which ensures the tool maintains perfect perpendicularity and yields always brilliant accuracy. Phosphorus bronze bushings within the router contribute to smooth operation and the smoothest router plunges so you work is professionally precise with every plunge. Additionally, a rack and pinion depth adjuster and micro-fine depth adjustments (in miraculously precise 1/256" increments) render the DW621 both extremely accurate and simple to use. Ultimately, the router is powerful and ridiculously precise providing craftsmen and hobbyists with just the right amount of tool for every application, and while a bit more expensive than Bosch's 1613AEVS at about $250 - $330, Dewalt's DW621 is a high-performance, plunge routing giant with a relatively small price-tag.

With small prices and big performance both of these routers are certain to bring you results that will continually stun. Combining high-power and affordability these plunge-base routers from Bosch and Dewalt bring craftsmen the best savings with a professionalism that is truly priceless.

About the Author

Specializing in tool parts & web communications, Mallory joined M&M Tool 4 yrs ago adding to their over 150 yrs combined experience. For over 70 yrs M&M Tool has provided the best service to the tool industry with replacement parts, sales, & service to expert woodworking products, machinery & power tools like Bosch's 1613AEVS router & Dewalt's DW621 router. Visit M&M Tool's power tool and machinery recommender to find what best suits you.

can you move a car if the brakes are completely off on one wheel?

i had to replace my rear wheel bearings on a 98 grand cherokee. i took the brakes off and didn't know i had to take apart the differential. so i hit with a slidehammer forever and didn't get anywhere. after i finally figured out i'd have to take apart the differential, i took the differential plate off and tried to take the pinion mate shaft lock off at the position it was in but just stripped it. now i need to move the jeep so the gears will be in a workable position. do i have to put the brakes back on or will it move fine on its own? and also, i got the axle out about 3/4-1" out with the slide hammer. i didn't see any flakes of metal in the differential oil. so i don't think i did any major damage.
i tried putting it in neutral and i put the 4 wheel drive in neutral too. wouldn't budge. the gears will move but the main middle piece that holds the pinion mate shaft won't move.

Hi
Just take the shifter out of park and turn the drive line that well move the gears.. both wheel well have to be off the ground
good luck
tim

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