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All H.V.A.C. equipment is meant to be protected with fuses and or circuit breakers that are sized to handle the "amp" draw of a normally operating piece of equipment. The fuse and wiring sizing is spelt out by all manufacturers in their installation instructions and many times on the equipment itself. An improperly sized wiring job and or fuses or breakers can lead to equipment failure at the least and a worst case of serious fire danger! In this article we will be discussing a split system air conditioning condenser as would be found on a typical home. You will usually find a disconnect box near your outdoor condenser (air Conditioner) or Heat Pump.

They are also used at Electric Furnaces or Air Handlers. Their purpose is to shut the main power (usually 240 Volts ) off between your main electrical panel and the HVAC equipment. Disconnect boxes that have fuses in them are called fused disconnect boxes, while boxes that are simply a disconnect don't have fuses. There are many different types and colors of these boxes. Some of them have a circuit breaker in them instead of fuses. Which type you have, will most likely be decided by your City or County Codes. Which ever type you have, you should not change to a different type before checking with your City or County Official! Also, NEVER substitute a different size fuse or circuit breaker than what you have (assuming what you have was sized correctly ). Some times people buy a home and un be known to them, the seller of the home may have changed the fuse or breaker to the wrong size out of ignorance. Also NEVER assume that just because you pull the disconnect out, that the power to the equipment is REALLY off! We have seen MANY disconnect boxes that have been jumped out rather than being replaced! Remember, you are working with 230-240 Volts here! If unsure of what you may have, please use a Volt meter to be sure the power is actually off to the equipment. If unsure of YOURSELF please call a HVAC Technician or Electrician to do this work! Shown is a fused disconnect box in the closed position.

The aluminum lugs will be marked Line (main power into the box) and Load (power into the equipment from the box). Removing the white disconnect "Breaks" the power going to the equipment (if it hasn't been jumped out!) It is a good idea to use a fuse puller to remove and replace these fuses and even better, to shut the main power off at the main panel!

Fuses range from 15 amps to 60 amps. There are always two per box on residential equipment. Most people will want to keep an extra (2) on hand.

While lightning accounts for some of the blown fuses we see, there are also situations such as aluminum wiring (should be removed for safety), loose connections, tight compressors, or other mal functions. Make sure the fuse or breaker is sized correctly per your equipment documentation and that you are using Time Delay Fuses and not the usual hardware store One Time Fuse! Time delay fuses can take a higher amount of amp draw for a brief period that one time fuses can not withstand.

http://www.myhvacparts.com

Pipe Bursting - When Pipe Lining Is Not Possible

Sometimes a pipe is in such bad condition that modern sewer pipe lining is not possible. Examples would be when extensive sections of the pipe are partially collapsed which is common for Orangeburg pipe, or large sections of pipe are missing which is common for cast iron pipe, or a customer is unfamiliar with pipe re-lining, which is the more modern method used in trenchless pipe rehabilitation. In such cases pipe bursting technology is used.

The pipe bursting technology involves pulling a cone-shaped "head", with a new high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe attached, through an existing pipeline. As the head moves through, it breaks the old pipe and pushes the pieces back into the surrounding soil. The head also expands the bore diameter slightly larger than the outside diameter of the new pipe it is pulling in. This reduces friction, but it also makes it possible to replace an existing pipeline with one of a larger diameter. Of course very powerful winches and strong cables have to be used for this type of sewer pipe rehabilitation.

A bursting head with no other attachment is called a static head, and it depends entirely upon the power of a winch to pull it through an existing pipeline. In some cases, a bursting head is equipped with a cutting blade or an internal pneumatic hammer. The cutting blade concentrates all the pulling force into one area, making the initial opening of the pipe easier. In hard, dry soils, or when heavy pipe fittings are encountered, the driving force of a hammer aids penetration.

As the HDPE pipe is pulled into the old sewer pipe that requires replacement, new sections of HDPE pipe are fused together using a plastic welding technology. This makes a seamless pipe that will prevent root intrusion, water infiltration and exfiltration.

There are some limitations to using the pipe bursting process:

The first is the line has to be in good enough condition for the cable to be pulled through the line.

Pipe Bursting will not fix a sag, or, belly. The bursting head and new pipe follows the path of the old pipe.

Rocks, ledge and some other conditions may jam the bursting head preventing it from passing and still require excavation to complete the job.

Some bend configurations may not allow pipe bursting as the bursting head may exit the pipe and get stuck requiring excavation.

Each installation starts with excavation of a small pit (about two feet by three feet) at the property line and another where the service line enters the house. Vacuum excavation is used to open the pits because many utilities are clustered near the property lines. The soil is cut with a water jet, then vacuumed out by a Vactor truck with a 6-inch tube. Usually, the pits can be excavated in less than an hour.

City code in Sarasota requires that a cleanout be installed every 75 feet in new service laterals. For laterals over 75 feet long, pits are sometimes dug for the extra cleanouts, and the new pipe is pulled from one pit to the next. At other times, the entire length of the new line is pulled first and the cleanouts are installed later. We used small, modular equipment manufactured by Tric Tools, Inc. (www.trictrenchless.com) to install the new lateral lines. Normally, the pulling equipment is set up in the pit at the property line because it is deeper, and therefore offers more head wall surface to pull against. The Tric hydraulic puller can produce a pulling force of 60,000 pounds. The white, 4-inch SDR 17 HDPE (high density polyethylene) pipe is supplied on 800-foot reels. The color enhances video inspections, and the length greatly reduces the need for onsite pipe fusion.

When the pits are ready, a cable is strung through the existing service line from the property line to the house. There, the cable is attached to a 4-inch bursting head, which has a special blade to help crack or cut the old pipe. In turn, the bursting head is fused to the new pipe. In the pulling pit, the cable runs through a resistance plate and metal frame before it attaches to the hydraulic puller. A diesel-powered Vermeer high pressure pump supplies hydraulic power to the puller. Once the pull begins, the new HDPE pipe is pulled into place at 5 to 10 feet per minute, depending upon the power of the hydraulic pump.

About the Author

This article is submitted by Wolf Krammel for
Craftsman Pipe Lining in South Florida
. Visit www.craftsmanpipelining.com and get our ebook absolutely free, check out
www.craftsmanpipelining.com
to learn about the money saving options concerning pipe maintenance, re-lining and to get an e-book "Insiders Secrets" Pipelining absolutely free.

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This entry was posted on Wednesday, April 2nd, 2008 at 9:11 am and is filed under Hammers Pullers Extractors. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.