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It is well known that the ball and socket joint of the shoulder allows for the biggest range of motion of all the joints in the body. For this reason, you can try a large number of great shoulder workouts to build shoulder size and strength. The main muscles involved are the deltoids (which form the rounded part of the shoulder) and the trapezius muscles (between the neck and shoulder, and running down the back).

While some trainers say that you don't need to work on your shoulders directly, many people get a lot of benefit from shoulder workouts, and can see a lot of development particularly in their deltoid muscles very quickly.

So, what shoulder workouts are good to start with?

The Arnold dumbbell press - sit and hold a dumbbell in each hand in front of you at shoulder level, elbows bent and with your palms towards you. Raise the dumbbells above your head, twisting them as you lift so that your palms face outward at the straight arm position. Lower the dumbbells again to the original position. Repeat.

The front raise - you stand with a dumbbell in each hand, with your palms toward you. Lift one hand straight forward in an arc until it is above shoulder height. Lower the dumbbell, and at the same time raise the other hand (both hands are moving at once). The key point here is smooth movement with no swinging of the arms.

The lateral raise, or shoulder fly - you stand with dumbbells in each hand, arms at your sides. Palms are inwards. Raise the dumbbells upwards and outwards to head height, hold, then lower your arms back to the original position. Again, avoid swinging your arms. The bent-over raise, or inverted fly is a seated variation in which you sit facing downwards (torso bent) and raise the dumbbells so that your arms are parallel to the ground, then move them down again.

The shoulder shrug - you stand with barbells in each hand. With your arms straight and at your sides, raise the shoulders as high as you can go, then lower them again. This exercises the trapezius muscle.

The upright row - this can be done with dumbbells or a barbell, and also develops the trapezius. (Don't do this if you have shoulder problems or pain.) Hold a barbell overhand with a shoulder-wide grip or narrower. Pull the bar up to the neck, leading with your elbows, then lower again. Repeat. For the dumbbell version, hold the dumbbells with your hands facing inwards, then pull the dumbbells up simultaneously to shoulder height. Repeat. At the gym, you can also use a cable machine.

If you have difficulty visualizing these shoulder workouts, there are many places online which have images or short videos to look at. See the shoulder workouts page at eastcairn.com for direct links to the videos and many more free shoulder workout resources.

Barbara Eastcairn writes about health and exercise issues that matter.

10 Things You Can Do RIGHT NOW To Increase Your Bench Press FAST

The flat barbell bench press...the lift that everyone wants to know how much you can do when they find out you train. So you want to get your numbers moving in the right direction again? These 10 quick tips will make a difference in your strength and boost your bench fast.

Keep in mind, these tips are coming from someone who has almost NO genetic gifts as far as bench press is concerned (bad shoulders, long arms). It's among my weakest lifts and I have to struggle for every single pound I add onto it. Yet with those limitations, using the tips I'll share with you below, I've managed to work up to a maximum single at 350 lbs. So it CAN be done!

1. Work your Rotator Cuff muscles

Yes, this is completely unglamorous but it has the potential to add 20 to 30 pounds to your bench press in a matter of weeks. The reason? The Rotator Cuff muscles are the four small muscles that stabilize the humerus (your upper arm bone) in the shoulder socket.

Most people rarely, if ever, work the Rotator Cuff but a couple of sets at the end of each workout can really make a huge difference in your bench press by helping to stabilize the shoulder joint.

The exercise that I use is one I call the "3 In 1 Rotator Cuff Raise." It's an exercise I invented to work all 3 major planes of movement that the Rotator Cuff muscles operate in in one basic movement. It's very effective and very time-efficient. Two sets of 8 reps of this at the end of each workout is all you need.

2. Get your grip-width right

Where you grip the bar can make or break your bench press before you even do a single rep. If you grip the bar in too close, you're putting more stress on the triceps, which limits your pushing power and increases the distance you have to press the bar. If you grip the bar too wide, you do decrease the distance the bar travels but you put excessive stress on the shoulder joints.

So what is the best place to grip the bar? This is best determined with no weight on the bar at all and with somebody watching your form. Lie down and take the bar off the rack and lower the bar to your chest. Have your spotter eyeball your forearms. At the bottom of the press, your forearms should be perfectly vertical. THAT will give you the greatest pressing power as you won't lose any power inside or outside.

It's the same concept as throwing a punch - if the bones of the arm aren't lined up properly when it connects, you lose a lot of power at impact.

3. Learn how to breathe

When you're doing a heavy press, trunk stabilization is much more important than when you're doing lighter, higher-rep training. You need a strong, solid base to push off of to really move the most weight.

When doing a heavy lift for only a few reps, breathe in deeply on the way down, inflating your chest as much as possible (this has the dual effect of increasing the stability of your trunk AND decreasing the distance the bar must travel, which is a bonus!). But as you press the bar off your chest don't immediately blow out all your air in one big blow. That will destabilize the chest and weaken the base you're pushing from.

Think of it this way...it would be like trying to do a dumbell press on the Swiss Ball as somebody is letting the air out of it fast!

So as you start to press the weight, blow your air out through pursed lips. Basically, pretend you're blowing up a really thick balloon. You want to keep your breathing muscles in your rib cage absolutely solid as they very slowly force the air out. This keeps your trunk solid and stabilized as you press, which is critical. The moment you lose that stability, you lose the lift.

4. Don't neglect back training

Back training is important to your bench press in 3 major ways.

Remember what I said about stability in the previous point? Your back makes up a BIG portion of that base that stabilizes your body. The wider the base, the bigger the structure it can support (i.e. more weight). A comparatively weak back will reduce the amount of weight you can bench.

The second point is thickness. The thicker your back, the shorter the distance the bar has to travel and the more weight you'll be able to lift. Look at how thick the torsos of the best bench pressers in the world are - they have huge barrel chests, thick backs and relatively short arms - their range of motion is probably about half of what a "normal" person's range of motion is with the bench press. The thicker your back, the shorter the range of motion and the more weight you'll be able to press.

The third point is muscular balance. If you're constantly doing pushing movements, your body will overdevelop those pushing muscles, which will lead to unnatural shortening and potential weakness. You must work the back muscles to pull everything into proper alignment. Walking around with your shoulders hunched forward and your arms bouncing around in front of you doesn't look cool - I can promise you that.

5. Don't forget to press with your legs, too

Leg drive is VERY important to maximizing your bench press strength on maximum lifts. When you set your feet for benching, don't just place them anywhere and let nature take its course. Set your feet solidly on the ground and bend your knees a little past 90 degrees.

Here's why...when you're at the bottom of the bench press, driving with the legs can help you get that weight moving. You can demonstrate this to yourself by lying on the flat bench and setting your feet on the ground. Now think of how you'd need to set your feet if you wanted to use your feet/legs to slide yourself up the bench. THAT is what you do when you drive with your legs - you basically try and use your legs to slide yourself up the bench. But because the weight is holding you down, that force goes to helping push the weight up.

This leg drive is used at the bottom of the press to get the weight moving and makes a huge difference with getting big weights moving.

6. Get those shoulder blades squeezed together

This goes back to trunk stability. If you're not consciously and religiously squeezing your shoulder blades together when you set yourself up on the bench press, you're instantly putting yourself at a disadvantage.

To do this, lie down on the bench and grab the bar. Lift your body up off the bench then try and touch your shoulder blades together behind your back. Get them tucked in as tight as possible. When you set yourself back down, you'll find you're not only more stable on the bench but your shoulders are in a stronger pressing position AND your torso is actually a little thicker (which means shorter range of motion)!

7. Do partial-range training to strengthen your connective tissue

One big thing that's often missing in the training routine of a person looking to maximize strength is a focus on connective tissue training. You can build huge, strong muscles but the movement is only as strong as the weakest link. If that weakest link is connective tissue, best case is it will limit the amount of weight you can lift. Worst case, you'll snap your tendons when your muscles move weights that your connective tissue can't handle!

So how do we strengthen connective tissue? That requires very heavy weight, the kind that can only be used with partial-range training like lockouts in the rack.

For building up your connective tissue specifically for bench press, definitely work on rack lockouts and static holds with monster weight.

Personally, I really enjoy lockout training because you can use a LOT of weight (up to two times or more of your one rep max!).

8. Use training bands

Bands are one of the most useful training tools you can use with the bench press. There are two main ways to go...working AGAINST the bands to increase explosive power and working WITH band assistance to move more weight and more closely mimic the strength curve of the bench press (harder at the bottom, easier at the top).

When using the bands to work on explosive training, you attach them to something solid on the floor and then to the bar. You use a lighter weight on the barbell for these. Then, when you lift, you explode up as fast and as powerfully as you can against the bands. The bands stretch as you come up, slowing the bar so your muscles don't have to. This teaches your muscles to fire at a much faster rate.

The other method is to use the bands for assistance (called Reverse Band Bench Press). With this technique, you attach the bands to the top of the rack and to the bar below. As you lower the weight, the bands stretch, making the bottom of the press easier by removing some of the resistance. As you press up, the bands lose tension, making you press more of the weight yourself, which exactly mimics the mechanics of the bench press.

9. Don't forget about decline bench press

One of the best things about the decline bench press is that you can use a bit more weight on it than you can on the regular flat bench due to the change in biomechanics and somewhat decreased range of motion. Working with heavier weight is good in two ways - mentally and physically. Mentally, it helps prepare your mind for working with heavier weight. Physically, it helps prepare your body for handling heavier weight on the flat bench.

10. Do your bench pressing in the power rack

Even if you have access to a regular bench press station at your gym, I highly recommend doing your bench pressing in the rack. Why? Two reasons.

The first is safety. You can easily set the rails to just slightly below the bottom-most position of your bench press. If you can't finish a rep, you just set the bar on the rails, roll the bar forward and slide yourself out from under it. No harm done, no spotter necessary. You can't do that on a regular bench press station!

The second is the freedom to really push yourself without fear of dropping the weight and not being able to get out from under the bar. When you're in a regular free bench press station, there is always that nagging fear that if you don't make a lift, you're going to have the bar come down on you.

When you do your pressing in the rack with safety rails set, that will NEVER happen and you can really free yourself to push things to the limits without having to worry about crushing yourself under the bar!

I have always found it ironic that the station where people do one of the most dangerous exercises in the gym (and quite often lift more weight than they can safely handle on it!) is the one station that has almost NO safety measures built into it!

Think about it this way...when was the last time you saw somebody get crushed under a barbell curl, yet how many times do you see people doing curls in the rack while doing bench presses on a free station!

So basically, set yourself free and do your pressing in the rack. You can push yourself harder and fight through those sticking points without worrying about getting stuck under the bar if you don't get it.

Conclusion:

If you want to maximize your bench press, put these tips to work. You'll starting noticing a very big difference in how much weight you can lift almost immediately AND in the long-term!

About the Author

Nick Nilsson is Vice-President of BetterU, Inc. and has been inventing new training techniques and exercises for 17+ years. Nick has written many training books including "Muscle Explosion! 28 Days To Maximum Mass" & "Metabolic Surge - Rapid Fat Loss" - For pictures and video of many of these bench tips in action, click here.

Does a ball joint have to be pressed to a certain specification?

Pleez no smart *ss answers, I am not retarded, so please refrain from patronizing me, thanks...

it gets pressed in until it sits flush with the control arm it is pressed into. the only specs for ball joints is the torque spec for the nut when you reinstall the spindle.

Pendley ready to have a ball after retiring as Hemet superintendent
Phil Pendley has few items on his desk. Among them are the baseball he flips in the air while deep in thought on school district matters. This week there was a new object: a packing-tape gun for the boxes that will hold the mementoes he gathered as Hemet Unified superintendent for eight years. Wednesday will be the last day for Pendley, 62, who is retiring.

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This entry was posted on Sunday, November 25th, 2007 at 7:28 pm and is filed under Hammers Pullers Extractors. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.